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1.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 9(1): 92-114, jun 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-884682

ABSTRACT

La carbapenemasa es una enzima producida por varias especies bacterianas, capaz de inactivar un grupo de antibióticos: los carbapenemes. El riesgo radica, además de la dificultad para el tratamiento de las infecciones resistentes a estos antibióticos, en su fácil diseminación entre especies bacterianas, entre pacientes y entre pacientes y contactos (familiares, personal de salud, etc.) Su sigla KPC se generalizó desde el primer caso se dio en la Klebsiella pneumoniae. Se publican Normas que tienen el objetivo de prevenir y controlar la colonización e infección de pacientes con gérmenes productores de carbapenemasa (tipo KPC-NDM etc.) en el Hospital Nacional.


Carbapenemase is an enzyme produced by several bacterial species, capable of inactivating a group of antibiotics: carbapenems. In addition to the difficulty in treating infections resistant to these antibiotics, the risk lies in their easy spread among bacterial species, between patients and between patients and contacts (family members, health personnel, etc.). Its initials KPC was generalized since the first case that occurred in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Guidelines that aim to prevent and control the colonization and infection of patients with carbape


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Klebsiella Infections/prevention & control , Infection Control/standards , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Paraguay , Klebsiella Infections/transmission
2.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 48(1): 27-36, Febrero 16, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779690

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La teoría de sistemas dinámicos establece medidas cuantitativas de evolución de los sistemas mediante la construcción de atractores. Medidas de ocupación espacial de atractores cardiacos en el espacio fractal de Box Counting diferenciaron normalidad y enfermedad crónica de enfermedad aguda. Objetivo: Aplicar la metodología desarrollada para evaluar matemáticamente el estado cardiaco de Holter con diferentes patologías, confirmando la aplicabilidad de esta metodología para la detección de dinámicas agudas mediante medidas de concordancia estadística respecto al Gold Standard. Metodología: Se analizaron 170 Holter, incluyendo normales, crónicos y en estado agudo. Se construyeron simulaciones de la totalidad de la dinámica basada en número de latidos y frecuencia mínima y máxima cada hora durante 21 horas, para construir atractores en el espacio de fases. Se calculó la dimensión fractal de los atractores evaluando su ocupación espacial en el espacio de Box Counting, estableciendo cuáles corresponden a normalidad y enfermedad aguda de acuerdo con resultados matemáticos previos. Se comparó el diagnóstico matemático con el diagnóstico convencional del Holter, tomado como Gold Standard, estableciendo valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: La dimensión fractal no logró evidenciar diferencias cuantitativas mientras que la metodología detectó en todos los casos dinámicas normales y en estado agudo independientemente de la patología, logrando valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de 100%, y coeficiente Kappa de 1. Conclusiones: Se confirmó la capacidad de la metodología físico-matemática para detectar dinámicas agudas independientemente de la patología asociada, confirmando una auto-organización acausal de la dinámica del sistema cuya evaluación permite establecer medidas de aplicabilidad clínica.


Introduction: Dynamic systems theory provides quantitative measures of evolution of systems by building attractors. Spatial occupation measures of cardiac attractors in fractal Box Counting space differentiated normality and chronic disease from acute illness. Objective: To apply the developed methodology to evaluate mathematically the cardiac status of Holter with different pathologies, confirming the applicability of this methodology for the detection of acute dynamic by statistical measures of agreement regarding the Gold Standard. Methodology: 170 Holter, including normal, chronic and in acute states were evaluated. Simulations were constructed the entire dynamic based on the number of beats and the minimum and maximum frequencies every hour for 21 hours, to build attractors in the phase space. The fractal dimension of attractors is calculated, evaluating the spatial occupation in the Box Counting space, establishing which corresponds to normal setting and acute disease in accordance with previous mathematical results. Mathematical diagnosis was compared with conventional diagnostic Holter, taken as the Gold Standard, setting sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Kappa coefficient. Results: The fractal dimension failed to show quantitative differences while the methodology detected in all cases normal dynamics and acute state independently of the disease, achieving sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 100% and a Kappa 1. Conclusions: the ability of the physical-mathematical methodology to detect acute dynamic regardless of the associated pathology was confirmed, as well as an acausal self-organization of the system dynamics, which allows for assessment of clinical applicability measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Nonlinear Dynamics , Fractals , Diagnosis , Heart Rate
3.
Rev. chil. psicoanal ; 32(1): 38-52, jun. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776817

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación de doctorado de corte cualitativo y con enfoque psicoanalítico. Se proponen cuatro momentos de la sexuación en la hija de una pareja de hombres homoeróticos y se abordan a profundidad los primeros dos momentos. La sexuación es entendida como la posibilidad de que alguien llegue a declarar un sexo y una elección de partenaire sexual. Los primeros vínculos, las asignaciones provenientes del otro y la separación-interdicción que pone límite al goce incestuoso entre padres e hijos son aspectos que juegan un papel decisivo en la sexuación. Dentro de los cuatro momentos de la sexuación se encuentran articulados tres planos de la diferencia localizables en el caso, estos son: la diferencia niño-adulto, la diferencia de género y la diferencia de los sexos. La articulación de estos tres planos de la diferencia, abre la posibilidad de pensar en posicionamientos sexuados diversos y singulares que cuestionan los esencialismos y las dicotomías tradicionales.


The present article is a qualitative research result. It proposes, from the psychoanalytic perspective, four sexuation moments for the daughter of a homoerotic men couple. Sexuation is defined as the process a person goes through to identify themselves with a sex and choosing a sexual partner. In this matter, the first relationships, the assignations of the other and the separation-interdiction that puts a limit to the incestuous pleasure between parents and children are factors that play a key role in sexuation. In the four moments of sexuation, there are articulated three difference levels: the child-adult difference, the gender difference and the difference between sexes. The configuration of these three difference levels, allows the possibility to think about diverse and unique sexual identity placements that challenge the traditional dichotomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Psychosexual Development , Homosexuality, Male , Psychoanalysis , Object Attachment , Paternity , Sexuality
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 927-934, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753923

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between...


O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mudanças no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de búfalas leiteiras recebendo baixas (B, 276g/d) ou altas (A, 572g/d) doses de uma mistura de óleos de soja e linhaça (70:30, peso/peso) na dieta. Quatorze búfalas multíparas da raça Mediterrânea, mantidas em pastagens nativas, receberam 4kg/dia de um concentrado comercial sem adição de óleo (pré-tratamento) ao longo de umperíodopré-experimental de 10 dias. A produção de leiteindividual e amostras de leite foram coletadas individualmente para determinação dos valores basais de composição e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite nos últimos trêsdias. Após este período, os animais receberam o mesmo concentrado adicionado deBou Apor 26 dias. A produção de leite (g/animal/dia) não diferiu no início (1776 ± 522 e 1662 ± 291para B e A, respectivamente (P<0,622) e no final do período experimental(4590 ±991e4847 ± 447 para LeH, respectivamente, P<0,543). O teor de gordura do leite (g/100g) apresentou valores médios de 77,1(±20,5)paraBe74,3 (±9,9)paraA(P<0,10) durante o período pré-tratamento,mas foi reduzido (P<0,03) após o fornecimento das dietas com óleo para 60,7 (± 23,6) e 49,4 (± 11,2), respectivamente para B e A, não havendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,277). Os teores basais de proteína do leite (B=43,2 ± 3,4 e A=44,3 ± 6,9g/kg) aumentaram após a suplementação com óleo (P<0,0001) em ambos B (73,2 ± 6,0g/kg) e A (68,4 ± 4,9g/kg), não ocorrendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,123). O teor médio basal de 14:0 na gordura do leite (4,76g/100g AG) foi reduzido após a suplementação da dieta com óleo somente no tratamento A (5,29 para 4,03, P<0,007). O teor de 16:0 na gordura do leite foi reduzido (P<0,001) nos tratamentos B (24,49 para 19,75g/100g AG) e A (25,92 para 19,17g/100g AG). A redução nos teores de 12:0+14:0+16:0 na gordura do leite foi maior (P<0,052) em A (32,02 para 23,93g/100g AG) do que em B (30,17 para 25,45g/100g AG). O teor de ácido vacênico (AV)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Fatty Acids/analysis , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/analysis , Linseed Oil/metabolism , Soybean Oil/metabolism , Identity and Quality Standard for Products and Services , Milk , Animal Feed
5.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 1(1): 3-12, Ene - Jun 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-965935

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El futuro de la salud bucal de un niño, aún antes de que nazca, puede estar determinado por la madre, y los cuidados que le provean en los primeros meses de vida garantizan una dentadura saludable en la infancia y la adolescencia. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de conocimiento de las madres sobre higiene bucal en niños de 0 a 3 años que asisten al Hospital Materno Infantil San Pablo en el año 2010. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal. La población consta de 102 madres de bebés de 0 a 3 años que acudieron al Hospital Materno Infantil de San Pablo. Resultados: La mayoria de las madres encuestadas (87-85%) denotaron niveles no aceptables en cuanto al conocimiento sobre salud bucal en los bebés. El nivel de conocimiento bueno (1-1%) es muy bajo. Se observa que las madres mayores de 25 años presentan mejores niveles de conocimiento, al igual que las que trabajan fuera de casa, en ellas la frecuencia de nivel no aceptable es menor. Conclusión: El conocimiento de las madres sobre los cuidados buco dentales de sus niños es bajo, por lo que se hace necesario impartir educación acerca de los mismos, tanto a las madres como a los profesionales de salud. Palabras clave: Nivel de conocimiento - Salud bucodental ­ Niños de 0 a 3 años


Introduction: The future of oral health of a child can be determined by their mothers, even before his birth, and the care that it's provide them at the first months of their life would ensure healthy teeth in childhood and adolescence. Objective: Describe the level of knowledge of mothers on oral hygiene in children aged between 0 to 3 years attending the St. Paul's Maternal and Child Hospital in 2010. Material and Methods: It was conducted a descriptive cross-sectional observational study. The population consists of 102 mothers of infants of 0 to 3 years who attended the St. Paul's Maternal and Child Hospital. Results: The majority of mothers surveyed (87-85%) shown unacceptable levels in knowledge about oral health in infants. Good knowledge level (1-1%) is very low. It is observed that mothers over 25 years old have higher levels of knowledge, as well as those who work outside the home, to whom, the frequency of unacceptable level is low. Conclusion: the knowledge of mothers on dental oral care of they children is low, so it is necessary to provide education about it, to both mothers and health professionals. Keywords: Level of knowledge - Oral Health - Children from 0 to 3 years


Subject(s)
Oral Hygiene , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Child, Preschool
6.
Actual. pediátr ; 11(4): 148-151, dic. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-347540
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